Catamarca has three well differentiated geographical regions:

• Andean region
• Region puneña
• Region subandina

The areas this and south of the county are located in the region of the mountains subandinas that you/they have orientation north-south in general. Their summits are rounded and their oriental hillsides present soft slopes, while the Westerners are abrupt and they receive the name of hills. The mountains are separated by denominated flat areas "plains". Two are the main mountain cords: the mountains central subandinas and the oriental. In the central cords they are the Dead Man's mountains, Real Chango, Jarillal, The Caves, Hualfin, Alumbrera, Nativity, Zapata and Fiambalá. The highest pick in this sector is the Lived hill (4.920 meters on the level of the sea), located in the serranía of Fiambalá. In the oriental Cords they are the mountains of chapels, The Flagstones, The High one, The Manchao, Ambato, Forinango, Graciana and Ancasti, and those of the Quilmes or the drawer and Aconquija in the limit with Tucumán.

The rivers of Catamarca are featured by the narrow flows, they increase their flow during the summer when the snow from the mountains melt and there are heavy rains.

There are some rivers which have a regular flow like the Tala, Abaucán, Andalgalá, Belén and Santa María. The last two rivers together with the Colorado del Norte and the Tinogasta are used for irrigation.

Another river which runs through the province is the Salado, which belongs to the Desaguadero System. this river is born in Catamarca,goes along La Rioja where it is called Blanco and drains into the Bermejo, with the name of Zanjón or Jachal, after a course of 640 km. In the central area, to the north, the Blanca and Colorada Ponds are.

They are at more than 3,000 m of altitude. They are on the salt-lands, among the most important are the Antofallas, Pipanaco and the Salinas Grandes.